🧬 G6PD Test: Complete Guide to Deficiency Diagnosis and Hemolysis Risk Assessment G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) deficiency is the most common inherited red blood cell enzyme disorder worldwide and a major cause of oxidative hemolysis. The G6PD test is essential for evaluating unexplained hemolytic anemia, neonatal jaundice, and drug-induced hemolysis risk—especially before prescribing oxidant medications. 🔬…
🫀 CK-MB Test: Complete Guide A Key Biomarker for Early Myocardial Injury Assessment 1. What Is CK-MB? (General Information) CK-MB (Creatine Kinase-MB) is the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase, predominantly expressed in cardiac muscle. Key Features of CK-MB 2. Clinical Purpose of the CK-MB Test 1) Supporting Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) 2) Evaluating…
🧪 Cholinesterase (ChE) Test: Complete Guide From Liver Function Assessment to Organophosphate Poisoning Diagnosis 1. What Is Cholinesterase? Cholinesterase (ChE) refers to enzymes that break down acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter. Two major forms exist: 1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, True ChE) 2) Pseudocholinesterase (Butyrylcholinesterase, BChE) 2. Purpose of the Cholinesterase Test The test is clinically useful in…
🧬 AST & ALT Tests The Most Sensitive Enzymatic Markers for Hepatocellular Injury — Complete Clinical Review 1. What Are AST and ALT? ✔ ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) ✔ AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) 2. Purpose of Testing 🔹 1) Evaluation of Hepatocellular Injury 🔹 2) Screening for Acute & Chronic Liver Diseases Includes: 🔹 3) Monitoring Liver…
🧬 Arylsulfatase B (ASB) Test A Complete Clinical Guide for Diagnosing MPS VI (Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome) 1. What Is Arylsulfatase B (ASB)? Arylsulfatase B (ASB), also known as N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase, is a lysosomal enzyme responsible for breaking down dermatan sulfate (DS).A deficiency of ASB leads to dermatan sulfate accumulation, which is the hallmark of Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI…
🧬 Arylsulfatase A (ASA) Test: Complete Clinical Guide for Diagnosing Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) Arylsulfatase A (ASA) is a lysosomal enzyme responsible for degrading sulfatide.A deficiency in ASA activity leads to pathological accumulation of sulfatide, resulting in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD)—a progressive demyelinating disorder affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The ARSA gene (22q13) encodes…
🧪 Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Test: Complete Guide A key enzyme test for evaluating hepatobiliary diseases and bone disorders 1. What Is ALP? Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme widely distributed in the liver (bile duct epithelium), bones (osteoblasts), intestine, placenta, and kidney.Its activity is highest at alkaline pH (~10). Elevated ALP levels mainly reflect either:…
🧪 Aldolase Test: Complete Review for Muscle and Liver Disease Evaluation The Aldolase test is an enzymatic assay used to evaluate muscle injury, myopathies, and certain liver diseases. Aldolase is a key glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into G3P and DHAP. Because it is highly concentrated in skeletal muscle, elevated serum aldolase…
🧪 Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Test: Purpose, Method, Reference Range, and Clinical Interpretation The Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) test is a key biomarker that reflects T-lymphocyte activation. It plays an especially crucial role in evaluating tuberculous pleurisy, where ADA levels in pleural fluid provide important diagnostic support. Compared with serum ADA, ADA levels in body fluids—particularly pleural…
Acid Phosphatase (ACP) Test: Purpose, Colorimetric Method, Clinical Significance The Acid Phosphatase (ACP) test is an enzyme assay used in the evaluation of prostate cancer (especially bone metastasis), bone disease, and hemolytic disorders. Although its use has declined with the adoption of PSA, ACP still holds value in specific clinical contexts. 1. What Is Acid…
